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         头戴假发、身穿长袍的律师 

   

    律师制度是诉讼民主化的产物，其最早根源于刑事辩护。在法庭

上，律师头戴假发、身穿长袍，与公诉人或对方当事人及其代理人唇

枪舌剑、针锋相对，为被告人竭力辩护，全力维护委托人的利益，是

英美法传统中诉讼制度的特点之一。在西方国家，律师作为自由职业

者，对维护当事人的合法权益，实现诉讼的民主与公正，起到了重要

的作用。

    律师应当是诉讼民主、司法公正、社会法治的产物、表现和保

证。律师的存在从最广泛的意义上保证了诉讼的民主与公正，最大限

度地维护了当事人的合法权益，有效地限制和杜绝了司法的专断与独

裁。因此，律师制度是国家司法制度重要的组成部分。律师制度健全

与否是一个国家法治化程度高低和司法的民主与公正的重要象征。我

国自改革开放恢复重建律师制度以来，律师制度的建设取得了辉煌的

成就。尤其是在《法官法》、《检察官法》和《律师法》进行了修

正、我国已经加入世界贸易组织的大趋势下，对于作为国家法治建设

重要组成部分的律师制度的健全与完善是绝好的机遇，当然，也给广

大的律师工作者提出了更高的要求和严峻的挑战。

    律师除去在传统的刑事、民事经济和行政等诉讼领域发挥辩护与

代理的作用外，将在更广泛的范围上参与和从事有关国际贸易、国际

投资、金融证券、知识产权保护、反垄断、反倾销和反补贴等多种诉

讼与非诉讼法律事务。经济的全球化与社会的法治化、民主化和自由

化，给律师提供了更好的活动空间。律师的法律服务将成为市场经济

社会中的中介组织为社会所提供的服务的更加重要的组成部分。可

见，在法庭上滔滔不绝地进行辩论的律师，在新时期已走向了更加广

泛的法律服务领域。从一定意义上讲，律师是人们从事各种社会活动

所必须遵守的法这一“游戏规则”的重要的维护者、实践者和服务

者。

  　律师是自由法律职业者，其职务行为只服从法律和事实，不受任

何个人或组织的非法干涉。律师之所以在国家的法治运行中占有重要

的地位，主要的一点是因为他们应当是法律专家，是社会精英。律师

本身的高素质充分保证了他们通过履行职责而发挥诉讼民主、司法公

正、社会法治的捍卫者的重大作用。在以法治为重要特征的市场经济

条件下，几乎人们的所有行为都与法有关。因此，在许多情况下就需

要精通法律的律师提供法律帮助。那样的话，他们就会在得以正确而

顺利地遵守和运用规则的前提下收到事半功倍之利。可见，律师在市

场经济社会中所起的作用是非常广泛而十分重的。法治环境的建立健

全，全社会普遍而自学地遵守法的良好风气的的树立，促进并保证诉

讼的民主与司法的公正，律师在其中起到了不可或缺的作用。

　　                               

                                (作者：王靓华)

　　                   

                        

　　

         

　　

         

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

  

 

   Lawyer and Constitutionality

　　

     Lawyer is always contacting with constitutionality .The palace of constitutionality had been found completely since one day founding of modern lawyer system .The reason is very simple because lawyer is a comparatively weak group among the constitutional system .

　　A constitutionality will not be sound without lawyer . Judge is a wonderful and accurate symbol of constitutionality in somewhat . Prosecutor and police are also express the nature of constitutionality excellently . But , lawyer as a kind of significant characteristic of defence system is essential to constitutionality . This sort of function of lawyer in constitutionality is conditioned by the character of constitutionality itself . In modern sense , we can say that constitutionality is a type of social circumstance which there are a series of nice law and a judicial system existing in restraint and also the law are executed preferably and complied consciously with by the people living in society .

　　We emphasize the importance of lawyer to constitutionality because that the function of lawyer to the constitutionality embody at least on the aspects below :

　　First , lawyer is safeguard of the constitutionality . The conducts of lawyer are always standing up for the constitutionality . This exhibit adequately in many respects such as propagating law , participating lawsuit acting as a agent , transacting nonlitigation case to serve for clients and so on .

　　Second , lawyer is propagandist of the constitutionality . Any legal service proffering by lawyer whatever it act are preaching the constitutionality direct and entirely .

　　Third , lawyer is practician of the constitutionality . To live up to the favorable law , invoke the powers of the law to defend the benefit of party and work a balanceable and restrictive role in the constitutional institution all that are perfect illustration of lawyer as the practician of constitutionality .

　　Fourth , lawyer is perfectionist of the constitutionality . The existence of lawyer and the system of lawyer represent splendidly the function of lawyer as perfectionist of the constitutionality as well .

　　                           (By Wang Jinghua)